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Councils, Canons & Confessional Statements

Apostles' Creed (2nd - 3rd century) - ecumenical (i.e., recognised universally, by both the Eastern and Western Churches):
Πιστεύω εἰς θεὸν παντακράτορα.
   Καὶ εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν, τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν, τὸν γεννηθέντα ἐκ Πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου, τὸν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου σταυρωθέντα καὶ ταφέντα καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἀναστάντα ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἀναβάντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καθήμενον ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ πατρὸς, ὃθεν εῤχεται κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς.
   Καὶ εἰς Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα ἁγίαν ἐκκλησίαν ἀφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν σαρκὸς ἀνάστασιν ζωὴν αἰώνιον.

Philip Schaff, "Formula Marcelli Ancryani: About A.D. 340," History of the Christian Church on CD-ROM (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research System Version  2.1c, 1997; print edition: 8 vols; third revision, 1910), 2:XII §141
(recommended Greek font: Gentium)
 
Credo in Deum Patrem omnipotentem.
   Et in Christum Jesum, Filium ejus unicum, Dominum nostrum qui natus est de Spiritu Sancto et Maria Virgina cruicifixus est sub Pontio Pilato, et seultus; tertia die resurrexit a mortuis; ascendit in cœlus sedet ad dexteran Patris inde venturus judicare vivos et mortuos.
   Et in Spiritum Sanctum; Sanctam Ecclesiam; remssionem peccatorum carnis resurrectionem.
Philip Schaff, "Formula Roma: From the 3rd or 4th Century," History of the Christian Church on CD-ROM (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research System Version  2.1c, 1997; print edition: 8 vols; third revision, 1910), 2:XII §141
 
I believe in God, the Father Almighty, Creator of heaven and earth.
   And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord: who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, died, and was buried. He descended to hell. On the third day he rose again from the dead. He ascended into the heavens. He is seated at the right hand of God, the Father Almighty. From there he will come to judge the living and the dead.
   I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic Church, the communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the flesh, and the life everlasting. Amen.
Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (translated by Charles Arand, Eric Gritsch, Robert Kolb, William Russell, James Schaaf, Jane Strohl, Timothy J. Wengert; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2000), 21-22
 
More information on the Apostles' Creed is available from the Christian Cyclopedia. Additional information, including the Old Roman, Gallican (6th century) and modern editions of the Apostles' Creed along with Scripture references are available on Believe: Religious Information Source

Canons of the Seven Ecumenical Councils - includes documents of all seven ecumenical councils accepted by the Eastern & Western Churches, and also includes the Quinisect Ecumenical Council accepted only by the Eastern Church (see below)

Councils of the Christian Church - includes links to documents of all seven ecumenical councils accepted by the Western & Eastern Churches, and also includes links to the other eleven councils accepted by the Roman Catholic Church. Links to some additional councils are available on the Internet Midieval Sourcebook (see below)

Council of Carthage held under Cyprian (257) - mentioned by name by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo and said to be accepted by the Church catholic. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:515-519. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Ancyra (ca. 314) - deals with Christians who, for various reasons, rejected or denied the faith in times of persecution (offering sacrifices to idols and pagan gods, etc.), but later repented and returned to the Christian faith after persecution had ended. Also deals with those guilty of bestial lusts, digamy, adultery, fornication, abortion, murder, homicide, divination, etc. The canons of this council were ambiguously acknowledged by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, but clearly reaffirmed by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo. An excursus on digamy is also available. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:61-75. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Neocæsaea (ca. 315) - deals with several scenerios involving marriage, catechumens who sin, laymen or ordained ministers who have an adulterous wife, church workers guilty of a carnal sin, some scenarios involving baptism, the minimun age for ordination, etc. The canons of this council were ambiguously acknowledged by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, but clearly reaffirmed by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:77-86. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Nicæa (325) - First Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned Arius and his doctrines (which included his assertion that Jesus was a created being who, in relation to God the Father, is of a similar substance rather than of the same substance). The original Nicene Creed was recorded and recognised by both the Eastern and Western Churches:
Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα Θεὸν, πατέρ παντοκράτορα, ποιητήν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.
   Καὶ εἰς ἕνα κύριον Ἰησοῦν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ γεννηθέντα ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς μονογενῆ‧ τοῦτ᾿ ἔστιν ἐκ οὐσίας τοῦ πατρὸς‧ Θεὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ καὶ φῶς ἐκ φωτὸς, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ‧ γεννηθέντα, οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ‧ δι᾿ οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ‧ τὸν δι᾿ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρωπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα καὶ σαρκωθέντα, καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα‧ παθόντα καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρὶτῇ ἡμέρᾳ, ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, ἐρχόμενον κρίναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκροὺς.
   Καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα. Τούς δε λέγοντας, ὅτι ἦν ποτε ὅτε οὐκ ἦν καὶ πρὶν γεννηθῆναι οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐγένετο‧ ἢ ἐξ ἑτέρας ὐποστάσεως ἢ οὐσίας φάσκοντας εἶναι, ἢ κτιστόν, ἢ τρεπτὸν ἢ ἀλλοιωτὸν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἀναθεματίζει ἡ ἁγία καθολικὴ καὶ ἀποστολικὴ ἐκκλησία.
Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF) ©2004 Rodney J. Decker

cf. Philip Schaff, "The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed," History of the Christian Church on CD-ROM (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research System Version  2.1c, 1997; print edition: 8 vols; third revision, 1910), 3:IX §129
(recommended Greek font: Gentium)
 
Credimus in unum deum patrem omnipotentem visibilium et invisibilium factorem. Et in unum dominum Iesum Christum filium dei, natum de patre, hoc est de substantia patris, deum de deo, lumen de lumine, deum verum de deo vero, natum non factum, unius substantiae cum patre, quod Graeci dicunt homousion, per quem omnia facta sunt sive quae in caelo sive in terra; qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit, incarnatus est, homo factus est, passus est et resurrexit tertia die, ascendit in caelos venturus iudicare vivos et mortuos. Et in spiritum sanctum.
   Eos autem qui dicunt: erat quando non erat, et: priusquam nasceretur non erat, et quia ex nullis extantibus factus est, quod Graeci exuconton dicunt, vel alia substantia, dicentes mutabilem et convertibilem filium dei, hos anathenatiat catholica et apostolica ecclesia.
 
Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Early, Eastern, & Midieval (vol 1 of Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 158
 
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of all things visible and invisible; and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the only- begotten of his Father, of the substance of the Father, God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten (γεννηθέντα), not made, being of one substance (ὁμοούσιον, consubstantialem) with the Father. By whom all things were made, both which be in heaven and in earth. Who for us men and for our salvation came down [from heaven] and was incarnate and was made man. He suffered and the third day he rose again, and ascended into heaven. And he shall come again to judge both the quick and the dead.
    And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost. And whosoever shall say that there was a time when the Son of God was not (ἦν ποτε ὅτε οὐκ ἦν), or that before he was begotten he was not, or that he was made of things that were not, or that he is of a different substance or essence [from the Father] or that he is a creature, or subject to change or conversion--- all that so say, the Catholic and Apostolic Church anathematizes them.
 
Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:3
 
More information on the Nicene Creed is available from the Christian Cyclopedia. For additional historical background information on this creed, see Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:1-56 (available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library). To examine several key words that were used in the Greek and their meaning, see Rodney J. Decker, Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF only)

Council of Gangra (ca. 325-381) - the canons of this council were ambiguously acknowledged by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, but clearly reaffirmed by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo. A synodical letter from this council is also available. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:87-101. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Synod of Antoich in Encæniis (ca. 341) - the canons of this council were ambiguously acknowledged by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, but clearly reaffirmed by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo. A synodical letter from this council is also available. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:103-121. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Sardica (343 or 344) - mentioned by name by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo and said to be accepted by the Church catholic. Other acts of this council and excursus as to whether this council was ecumenical are also available. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:411-436. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Synod of Laodicea (ca. 343-381) - the canons of this council were ambiguously acknowledged by the Fourth Ecumenical Council in Chalcedon, but clearly reaffirmed by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo. An excursus on the choir offices, worship, vestments, and the minor orders of the early church are also available. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:123-160. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

First Council of Constantinople (381) - Second Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned Macedonius and his doctrines (which rejected and opposed the divinity of the Holy Spirit). The conclusions of Nicæa were reaffirmed, the Nicene Creed was expanded on the subject of the Holy Spirit (thus becoming more accurately--- but less famously--- known as the "Niceno- Constantinopolitan Creed"), and (apart from the later filioque clause) is recognised as ecumenical.
Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα Θεὸν, πατέρα παντοκράτορα, ποιητήν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.
   Καὶ εἰς ἕνα κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ‧ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς γεννηθέντα πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων‧ φῶς ἐκ φωτὸς, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα, οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ‧ δι᾿ οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο‧ τὸν δι᾿ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν, καὶ σαρκωθέντα ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου, καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα‧ σταυρωθέντα τε ὑπέρ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, καὶ παθόντα, καὶ ταφέντα, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρὶτῇ ἡμέρᾳ κατὰ τὰς γραφὰς, καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς, καὶ καθεζόμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ πατρὸς, καὶ πάλιν ἐρχόμενον μετὰ δόξης κρίναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκροὺς‧ οὗ τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται τέλος.
      Καὶ εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζωοποιὸν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον, τὸ σὺν πατρὶ καὶ υἱῷ προσκυνούμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμνον, τὸ λαλῆσαν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν. Εἰς μίαν ἁγίαν καθολικὴν καὶ ἀποστολικὴν ἐκκλησίαν‧ ὁμολογοῦμεν ἓν βάπτισμα εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν‧ προσδοκῶμεν ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν καὶ ζωὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος. Ἀμήν.
 
Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF) ©2004 Rodney J. Decker

cf. Philip Schaff, "The Nicene and Constantinopolitan Creed," History of the Christian Church on CD-ROM (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research System Version  2.1c, 1997; print edition: 8 vols; third revision, 1910), 3:IX §129
(recommended Greek font: Gentium)
 
Credimus in unum deum patrem omnipotentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibilium omnium et invisibilium; et in unum dominum Iesum Christum filium dei unigenitum, ex patre natum ante omnia saecula, deum ex deo, lumen ex lumine, deum verum ex deo vero, natum non factum, omousion patri, hoc est eiusdem cum patre substantiae, per quem omnia facta sunt, qui propter nos homines et nostram salutem descendit et incarnatus est de spiritu sancto et Maria virgine humanatus est et crucifixus pro nobis est sub Pontio Pilato et sepultus et tertia die resurrexit et ascendit in caelis et sedit ad dexeram patris et iterum venturus cum gloria iudicare vivos et mortuos, cuius regni non erit finis; et in spiritum sanctu, dominum et vivificatorem, ex patre procedentem, cum patre et filio coadorandum et conglorificandum, qui locutus est per prophetas; in unam catholicam et apostolicam ecclesiam; confitemur unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum et expectamus resurrectionem mortuorum et vitam futuri saeculi. amen.
 
Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Early, Eastern, & Midieval (vol 1 of Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 162
 
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth and of all things visible and invisible. And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, begotten of his Father before all worlds, Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten not made, being of one substance with the Father, by whom all things were made. Who for us men and for our salvation came down from heaven and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost and the Virgin Mary, and was made man, and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate. He suffered and was buried, and the third day he rose again according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth at the Right Hand of the Father. And he shall come again with glory to judge both the quick and the dead. Whose kingdom shall have no end.
   And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver- of- Life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. And [we believe] in one, holy, catholic and Apostolic Church. We acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins, [and] we look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen.
 
Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:163
 
The additional filioque clause (i.e., "And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost . . . who proceedeth from the Father and the Son,") was likely influenced by Augustine's trinitarian theology and had its roots in Spain, against the Arians. It did not become widespread in the Western Church until about the beginning of the ninth century, under the reign of Charlemagne. Even so, the filioque clause was not recognised by the Pope of Rome until about the eleventh century, embraced in the Second Council of Lyons (1274) and led to the Great Schism between Eastern and Western Churches (which lasted until the late 20th century, although the filioque is still not recognised by the Eastern Church even to this day).
   More information on the Nicene Creed is available from the Christian Cyclopedia. For additional historical background information on this creed, see Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:161-190 (available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library). To examine several key words that were used in the Greek and their meaning, see Rodney J. Decker, Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF only). A traditional and modern English translation with additional information is available on Believe: Religious Information Source.

Council of Constantinople held under Nectarius (394) - mentioned by name by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo and said to be accepted by the Church catholic. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:511-514. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Code of Canons of the African Church, a.k.a. Canons of the 217 Blessed Fathers who Assembled At Carthage (419) - mentioned by name by the Quinisext Ecumenical Council in Trullo and said to be accepted by the Church catholic. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:437-510. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Ephesus (431) - Third Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned Nestorius (a bishop of Constantinople) and his doctrines; the true personal unity of Christ was defined, the virgin Mary was declared the Mother of God (θεοτόκος, theotokos), and the condemnation of Pelagius along with his doctrines was reaffirmed. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:191-242. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

online resource link wanted First Council of Orange (441) - deals with "the administration of the sacraments (canons i-iv, xii-xvii), the right of sanctuary (v-vi), mutual episcopal relations (viii-xi), catechumens (xviii-xx), bishops (xxi, xxx), the marriage of clerics (xxii-xxv), deaconesses (xxvi), widowhood and virginity (xxvii-xxviii), the holding of councils (xxix)." Learn more about the first and second Councils of Orange from the Catholic Encyclopedia

Council of Chalcedon (451) - Fourth Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned Eutyches and his doctrines; the two natures of Christ were also defined. Includes what is known as the Chalcedon Creed:
Ἑπόμενοι τοίνυν τοῖς ἁγίοις πατράσιν ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν ὁμολογεῖν υἱὸν τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν συμφώνως ἅπαντες ἐκδιδάσκομεν, τέλειον τὸν αὑτὸν ἐν θεότητι καὶ τέλειον τὸν αὑτὸν ἐν ἀνθρωπότητι, θεὸν ἀληθῶς καὶ ἄνθρωπον ἀληθῶς τὸν αὐτὸν, ἐκ ψυχῆς λογικῆς καὶ σώματος, ὁμοούσιον τῷ πατρὶ κατὰ τὴν θεότητα, καὶ ὁμοούσιον τὸν αὐτὸν ἡμῖν κατὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα, κατὰ πάντα ὅμοιον ἡμῖν χωρὶς ἁμαρτίας‧ πρὸ αἰώνων μὲν ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς γεννηθέντα κατὰ τὴν θεότητα, ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτων δὲ τῶν ἡμερῶν τὸν αὐτὸν δι᾿ ἡμᾶς καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν ἐκ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου τῆς θεοτόκου κατὰ τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα, ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν Χριστόν, υἱόν, κύριον, μονογενή, [ἐκ δύο φύσεων or ἐν δύο φύσεσιν], ἀσυγχύτως, ἀτρέπτως, ἀδιαιρέτως, ἀχωρίστως, γνωριζόμενον‧ οὐδαμοῦ τῆς τῶν φύσεων διαφορᾶς ἀνῃρημένης διὰ τὴν ἕνωσιν, σωζομένης δὲ μᾶλλον τῆς ἰδιότητος ἑκατέρας φύσεως καὶ εἰς ἓν πρόσωπον καὶ μίαν ὑπόστασιν συντρεχούσης, οὐχ εἰς δύο πρόσωπα μεριζόμενον ἢ διαιρούμενον, ἀλλ᾿ ἕνα καὶ τὸν αὐτὸν υἱὸν καὶ μονογενῆ, θεὸν λόγον, κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν‧ καθάπερ ἄνωθεν οἱ προφῆται περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ αὐτὸς ἡμᾶς ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐξεπαίδευσε καὶ τὸ τῶν πατέρων ἡμῖν παραδέδωκε σύμβολον.

Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF) ©2004 Rodney J. Decker
(recommended Greek font: Gentium)
 
Sequentes igitur sanctos patres unum eundemque confiteri Filium dominum nostrum Iesum Christum consonanter omnes docemus eundem perfectum in deitate, eundem perfectum in humanitate, Deum vere et hominem vere eundem ex anima rationali et corpore, consubstantialem Patri secundum deitatem et consubstantialem nobis eundem secundum humanitatem, per omnia nobis similem absque peccato, ante saecula quidem de Patre genitum secundum deitatem, in novissimis autem diebus eundem propter nos et propter salutem nostram ex Maria virgine Dei genetrice secundum humanitatem, unum eundemque Christum Filium dominum unigenitum, in duabus naturis inconfuse, immutabiliter, indivise, inseparabiliter agnoscendum, nusquam sublata differentia naturarum propter unitionem magisque salva proprietate utriusque naturae et in unam personam atque subsistentiam concurrente, non in duas personas partitum sive divisum, sed unum et eundem Filium unigenitum Deum Verbum dominum Iesum Christum, sicut ante prophetae de eo et ipse nos Iesus Christus erudivit et patrum nobis symbolum tradidit.
 
Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Early, Eastern, & Midieval (vol 1 of Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 180
 
Following the holy Fathers we teach with one voice that the Son [of God] and our Lord Jesus Christ is to be confessed as one and the same [Person], that he is perfect in Godhead and perfect in manhood, very God and very man, of a reasonable soul and [human] body consisting, consubstantial with the Father as touching his Godhead, and consubstantial with us as touching his manhood; made in all things like unto us, sin only excepted; begotten of his Father before the worlds according to his Godhead; but in these last days for us men and for our salvation born [into the world] of the Virgin Mary, the Mother of God according to his manhood. This one and the same Jesus Christ, the only- begotten Son [of God] must be confessed to be in two natures, unconfusedly, immutably, indivisibly, inseparably [united], and that without the distinction of natures being taken away by such union, but rather the peculiar property of each nature being preserved and being united in one Person and subsistence, not separated or divided into two persons, but one and the same Son and only- begotten, God the Word, our Lord Jesus Christ, as the Prophets of old time have spoken concerning him, and as the Lord Jesus Christ hath taught us, and as the Creed of the Fathers hath delivered to us.
 
Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:264-265 (left columns)
 
See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:243-295. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library. To examine several key words that were used in this Greek and their meaning, see Rodney J. Decker, Greek Creeds: Nicene, Chalcedonian (PDF only)

Athanasian Creed (ca. 5th century) - ecumenical. Ascribed to Athanasius, but unlikely since early councils do not mention this creed, its original form is Latin whereas Athanasius wrote in Greek, and it reflects Augustinian and Ambrosian trinitarian theology. Likely originated in southern Gaul (France).
[1] Quicunque vult salvus esse, ante omnia opus est, ut teneat catholicam fidem: [2] Quam nisi quisque integram inviolatamque servaverit, absque dubio in aeternam peribit.
   [3] Fides autem catholica haec est: ut unum Deum in Trinitate, et Trinitatem in unitate veneremur. [4] Neque confundentes personas, neque substantiam seperantes.
   [5] Alia est enim persona Patris alia Filii, alia Spiritus Sancti: [6] Sed Patris, et Fili, et Spiritus Sancti una est divinitas, aequalis gloria, coeterna maiestas.
   [7] Qualis Pater, talis Filius, talis [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [8] Increatus Pater, increatus Filius, increatus [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [9] Immensus Pater, immensus Filius, immensus [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [10] Aeternus Pater, aeternus Filius, aeternus [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [11] Et tamen non tres aeterni, sed unus aeternus. [12] Sicut non tres increati, nec tres immensi, sed unus increatus, et unus immensus. [13] Similiter omnipotens Pater, omnipotens Filius, omnipotens [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [14] Et tamen non tres omnipotentes, sed unus omnipotens.
   [15] Ita Deus Pater, Deus Filius, Deus [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [16] Et tamen non tres dii, sed unus est Deus. [17] Ita Dominus Pater, Dominus Filius, Dominus [et] Spiritus Sanctus. [18] Et tamen non tres Domini, sed unus [est] Dominus. [19] Quia, sicut singillatim unamquamque personam Deum ac Dominum confiteri christiana veritate compelimur: [20] Ita tres Deos aut [tres] Dominos dicere catholica religione prohibemur.
   [21] Pater a nullo est factus: nec creatus, nec genitus. [22] Filius a Patre solo est: non factus, nec creatus, sed genitus. [23] Spiritus Sanctus a Patre et Filio: non factus, nec creatus, nec genitus, sed procedens. [24] Unus ergo Pater, non tres Patres: unus Filius, non tres Filii: unus Spiritus Sanctus, non tres Spiritus Sancti. [25] Et in hac Trinitate nihil prius aut posterius, nihil maius aut minus: [26] Sed totae tres personae coaeternae sibi sunt et coaequales. [27] Ita, ut per omnia, sicut iam supra dictum est, et unitas in Trinitate, et Trinitas in unitate veneranda sit. [28] Qui vult ergo salvus esse, ita de Trinitate sentiat.
   [29] Sed necessarium est ad aeternam salutem, ut incarnationem quoque Domini nostri Iesu Christi fideliter credat. [30] Est ergo fides recta ut credamus et confiteamur, quia Dominus noster Iesus Christus, Dei Filius, Deus [pariter] et homo est. [31] Deus [est] ex substantia Patris ante saecula genitus: et homo est ex substantia matris in saeculo natus. [32] Perfectus Deus, perfectus homo: ex anima rationali et humana carne subsistens. [33] Aequalis Patri secundum divinitatem: minor Patre secundum humanitatem.
   [34] Qui licet Deus sit et homo, non duo tamen, sed unus est Christus. [35] Unus autem non conversione divinitatis in carnem, sed assumptione humanitatis in Deum. [36] Unus omnino, non confusione substantiae, sed unitate personae. [37] Nam sicut anima rationalis et caro unus est homo: ita Deus et homo unus est Christus.
   [38] Qui passus est pro salute nostra: descendit ad inferos: tertia die resurrexit a mortuis. [39] Ascendit ad [in] caelos, sedet ad dexteram [Dei] Patris [omnipotentis]. [40] Inde venturus [est] judicare vivos et mortuos. [41] Ad cujus adventum omnes homines resurgere habent cum corporibus suis; [42] Et reddituri sunt de factis propriis rationem. [43] Et qui bona egerunt, ibunt in vitam aeternam: qui vero mala, in ignem aeternum.
   [44] Haec est fides catholica, quam nisi quisque fideliter firmiterque crediderit, salvus esse non poterit.
 
cf. Philip Schaff, "The Athanasian Creed," History of the Christian Church on CD-ROM (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research System Version  2.1c, 1997; print edition: 8 vols; third revision, 1910), 3:IX §132
 
Whoever wants to be saved must, above all, hold the catholic faith. Whoever does not keep it whole and inviolate will doubtless perish eternally.
   This, however, is the catholic faith: that we worship one God in trinity and the Trinity in unity, neither confusing the persons nor dividing the substance.
   For the person of the Father is one, that of the Son another, and that of the Holy Spirit still another, but the deity of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit is one--- equal in glory, coequal in majesty.
   What the Father is, such is the Son, and such is the Holy Spirit. The Father is uncreated; the Son is uncreated; the Holy Spirit is uncreated. The Father is unlimited; the Son is unlimited; the Holy Spirit is unlimited. The Father is eternal; the Son is eternal; the Holy Spirit is eternal--- and yet there are not three eternal beings but one who is eternal, just as there are not three uncreated or unlimited beings, but one who is uncreated and unlimited. In the same way, the Father is almighty; the Son is almighty; the Holy Spirit is almighty--- and yet there are not three almighty beings but one who is almighty.
   Thus, the Father is God; the Son is God; the Holy Spirit is God--- and yet there are not three gods but one God. Thus, the Father is Lord; the Son is Lord; the Holy Spirit is Lord--- and yet there are not three lords, but one Lord. For just as we are compelled by the Christian truth to confess that each distinct person is God and Lord, so we are forbidden by the catholic religion to say there are three gods or three lords.
   The Father was neither made nor created nor begotten by anyone. The Son is from the Father alone, not made or created but begotten. The Holy Spirit is from the Father and the Son, not made or created or begotten but proceeding. Therefore there is one Father, not three fathers; one Son, not three sons; one Holy Spirit, not three holy spirits. And in this Trinity none is before or after, greater or less than another, but all three persons are in themselves coeternal and coequal, so that (as has been stated above) in all things the Trinity in unity and the Unity in trinity must be worshiped. Therefore, who wants to be saved should think thus about the Trinity.
   But it is necessary for eternal salvation that one also faithfully believe the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore it is the true faith that we believe and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is at once God and a human being. He is God, begotten from the substance of the Father before all ages, and a human being, born from the substance of his mother in this age. He is perfect God and a perfect human being, composed of a rational soul and human flesh. He is equal to the Father with respect to his divinity, less than the Father with respect to his humanity.
   Although he is God and a human being, nevertheless he is not two but one Christ. However, he is one not by the changing of the divinity in the flesh but by the taking up of the humanity in God. Indeed, he is one not by a confusion of substance but by a unity of person. For, as the rational soul and the flesh are one human being, so God and the human being are one Christ.
   He suffered for our salvation, descended into hell, rose from the dead, ascended into the heavens, is seated at the right hand of the Father, from where he will come to judge the living and the dead. At his coming all human beings will rise with their bodies and will give an account of their own deeds. Those who have done good things will enter into eternal life, and those who have done evil things into eternal fire.
   This is the catholic faith; a person cannot be saved without believing this firmly and faithfully.
 
Robert Kolb and Timothy J. Wengert, eds., The Book of Concord: The Confessions of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (translated by Charles Arand, Eric Gritsch, Robert Kolb, William Russell, James Schaaf, Jane Strohl, Timothy J. Wengert; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2000), 24-25
 
More information on the Athanasian Creed is available from the Christian Cyclopedia. For additional historical background information on this creed, see Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church 3:IX §131-132 (available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library). The Latin and English versions with some additional information are available on Believe: Religious Information Source

Second Council of Orange (529) - a council where semi- Pelagianism was condemned. See Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church, 3:IX §160 (available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library). Also available here on the Eternal Word Television Network (ETWN)
 
Second Council of Constantinople (553) - Fifth Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned the errors of Origen and certain writings (i.e., The Three Chapters) of Theodoret (of Theodore, bishop of Mopsuestia) and of Ibas (bishop of Edessa); the canons and conclusions of the first four ecumenical councils--- especially that of Chalcedon (which was challenged by some heretics)--- were also reaffirmed. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:297-323. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Toledo (675) - a small local council. "The official value of this document consists in the fact that in subsequent centuries it was kept in highest regard and considered a genuine expression of the Trinitarian faith; it is one of the important formulas of doctrine. In fact, hardly anywhere is the reflection of the early Church on the Trinitarian mystery and on Christ expressed with such precision and acumen as in this Creed which sums up the tradition of the earlier Councils and patristic theology of the West." Recognised only by the Western Church. Available on the Eternal Word Television Network (ETWN)

Third Council of Constantinople (680-681) - Sixth Ecumenical Council. Addressed and condemned Sergius, Pyrrhus, Paul, Macarius, all their followers, along with their doctrines; the doctrine of the two wills in Christ (divine and the human) as two distinct principles of operation was defined to end Monothelitism. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:325-353. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Council of Trullo (692 or 697) - Quinisext Ecumenical Council. Detailed canons and rulings are approved by name in Canon 2 of this synod. Recognised only by the Eastern Church. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:355-408, 589-615. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Second Council of Nicæa (787) - Seventh Ecumenical Council. The veneration of holy images was authoritised. See Philip Schaff, NPNF2, XIV:521-587. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Fourth Council of Constantinople (869-870) - Eighth Council. "Consigned to the flames the Acts of an irregular council (conciliabulum) brought together by Photius against Pope Nicholas and Ignatius the legitimate Patriarch of Constantinople; it condemned Photius who had unlawfully seized the patriarchal dignity. The Photian Schism, however, triumphed in the Greek Church, and no other general council took place in the East" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

Waldensian Confession of Faith (1120 / 1544) - Waldenses (possibly an early form of Anabaptist)
First Lateran Council (1123) - Nineth Council. "It abolished the right claimed by lay princes, of investiture with ring and crosier to ecclesiastical benefices and dealt with church discipline and the recovery of the Holy Land from the infidels" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church
Second Lateran Council (1139) - Tenth Council. "Its object was to put an end to the errors of Arnold of Brescia" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

Third Lateran Council (1179) - Eleventh Council. "It condemned the Albigenses and Waldenses and issued numerous decrees for the reformation of morals" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

Fourth Lateran Council (1215) - Twelfth Council. "It issued an enlarged creed (symbol) against the Albigenses (Firmiter credimus), condemned the Trinitarian errors of Abbot Joachim, and published 70 important reformatory decrees. This is the most important council of the Middle Ages, and it marks the culminating point of ecclesiastical life and papal power" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

First Council of Lyons (1245) - Thirteenth Council. "It excommunicated and deposed Emperor Frederick II and directed a new crusade, under the command of St. Louis, against the Saracens and Mongols" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

Second Council of Lyons (1274) - Fourteenth Council. "It effected a temporary reunion of the Greek Church with Rome. The word filioque was added to the symbol of Constantinople and means were sought for recovering Palestine from the Turks. It also laid down the rules for papal elections" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church
Council of Vienne in France (1311-1313) - Fifteenth Council. It "dealt with the crimes and errors imputed to the Knights Templars, the Fraticelli, the Beghards, and the Beguines, with projects of a new crusade, the reformation of the clergy, and the teaching of Oriental languages in the universities" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

online resource link wanted Council of Pisa (1409) - this council was intended to bring the Great Schism of the Western Church, caused by the election of two rival popes over about 30 years earlier (1378), to an end. Instead, this council resulted in greater confusion when a third pope was elected to dispose of the aforesaid, but they rejected the validity of both this council and his election. Learn more about this council from the Catholic Encyclopedia (available on Catholic City)

Council of Constance (1414-1418) - Sixteenth Council. It "was held during the great Schism of the West, with the object of ending the divisions in the Church. It became legitimate only when Gregory XI had formally convoked it. Owing to this circumstance it succeeded in putting an end to the schism by the election of Pope Martin V, which the Council of Pisa (1409) had failed to accomplish on account of its illegality. The rightful pope confirmed the former decrees of the synod against Wyclif and Hus. This council is thus ecumenical only in its last sessions (42-45 inclusive) and with respect to the decrees of earlier sessions approved by Martin V" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

Council of Basle (1431-1445) - Seventeenth Council. "Its object was the religious pacification of Bohemia. Quarrels with the pope having arisen, the council was transferred first to Ferrara (1438), then to Florence (1439), where a short- lived union with the Greek Church was effected, the Greeks accepting the council's definition of controverted points. The Council of Basle is only ecumenical till the end of the twenty- fifth session, and of its decrees Eugene IV approved only such as dealt with the extirpation of heresy, the peace of Christendom, and the reform of the Church, and which at the same time did not derogate from the rights of the Holy See" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Also available on the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN). Recognised only by the Western Church

Fifth Lateran Council (1512-1517) - Eighteenth Council. "Its decrees are chiefly disciplinary. A new crusade against the Turks was also planned, but came to naught, owing to the religious upheaval in Germany caused by Luther" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent). Recognised only by the Western Church

The Schleitheim Articles (1527) - Anabaptist. Adopted by the Swiss Brethren Conference and the Mennonite Church. Availble online courtesy of Herald Press. See also another translation of this text

The Schwabach Articles (1529) - Evangelical (early form of Lutheran). See Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Schwabach Articles," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by William R. Russell; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 83-87

online resource link wanted The Marburg Articles (1529) - Evangelical (early form of Lutheran) and Zwinglian. A doctrinal agreement between Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Oecolampadius which agreed on fourteen (14) articles but disagreed on one (1) article, i.e., whether the true body and blood of Christ are bodily present in the bread and wine. See Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Marburg Articles," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by William R. Russell; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 88-92. See also Hermann Sasse, This is My Body (revised Australian edition; Adelaide: Openbook Publishing, 1977)

online resource link wanted The Torgau Articles (1530) - Evangelical (early form of Lutheran). See Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Torgau Articles," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by William R. Russell; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 93-104

The Augsburg Confession (1530) - ©1530 Philip Melanchthon. Evangelical (Lutheran). This confession sets forth and clarifies the Evangelical (Lutheran) doctrine as nothing new but consistant with the true Church from the time of the apostles, emphasising personal salvation through justification by faith alone, and distinguishing itself from the heretical and / or problematic doctrines of the Anabaptists, Zwingli, and numerous other heresies and 'Protestants.' It also calls attention to several abuses that had entered Roman Catholicism (many of which were recent), offering suggestions for reform. Philip Melanchthon continued to modify the document over the next several years, even publishing a version (known as the Variata edition of 1540) which found approval with John Calvin and numerous others due to its well- worded ambiguity. By the late 1570s, however, the original Augsburg Confession of 1530-1531 was deemed authoritative over the later variations. This confession was initially presented to the Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg (1530). See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 47-91

updated: Jan 1/07 online resource link wanted Ground of Faith (1530) - © Ulrich Zwingli. Zwinglian. Also known by its Latin title Ratio fidei, this confession sets forth and clarifies the doctrines of Ulrich Zwingli and numerous Swiss churches led by his reforms. This confession was presented to the Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg (1530). An English translation is available in Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Reformation Era (vol 2 of Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition; New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003), 252-271

The Confutation of the Augsburg Confession (1530) - Roman Catholic. This is the Roman Catholic response to the Augsburg Confession. It uses several quotes from the Scriptures and writings of the Church, and it demonstrates "marks of the thinking of traditional scholastic theologians, such as Eck and Cochlaeus, as well as those under the influence of Erasmian humanist reform ideas, such as Julius Pflug." Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Confutation of the Augsburg Confession," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by Mark D. Tranvik; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 105. See Kolb, Sources and Contexts, 105-139. An earlier translation is available on Project Wittenberg

The Apology of the Augsburg Confession (1531,1537) - ©1531,1537 Philip Melanchthon. Evangelical (Lutheran). A detailed and somewhat exhaustive defense of the Augsburg Confession. It uses Scriptures and the Biblically- sound teachings of both the Early Church Fathers and numerous councils to address and clarify matters disputed within the Confutation of the Augsburg Confession (above). The Apology also addresses the Confutation's deceitful nature, its misapplication of both Scriptures and early Church writings, etc. See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 95-277

The Smalcald Articles (1537-1538) - ©1537-1538 Martin Luther. Evangelical (Lutheran). Includes a confession on the doctrine of the Trinity, Christ's atoning work and the concept of trust in contrast to various abuses in Roman Catholicism, and various other matters of concern and doctrinal clarification (e.g., sin, Law, repentance vs. penance, Gospel, Baptism, Sacrament of the Altar, Office of the Keys, confession, excommunication, ordination and vocation, marriage of priests, the Church, justification and good works, monastic vows, human regulations / traditions). See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 281-313

Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537) - ©1537 Philip Melanchthon. Evangelical (Lutheran). Written to suppliment the Smalcald Articles (above). See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 317-332

updated: 2006-10-28 Council of Trent (1554-1563) - Roman Catholic. "It was convoked to examine and condemn the errors promulgated by Luther and other Reformers, and to reform the discipline of the Church. Of all councils it lasted longest, issued the largest number of dogmatic and reformatory decrees, and produced the most beneficial results" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent)

online resource link wanted The Augsburg Interim (1548) - Roman Catholic. Enforced upon Evangelical (Lutheran) lands by the imperial troops of Emperor Charles V after his army successfully defeated the Evangelical forces of the Smalcald League and imprisoned the two Evangelical princes (Landgrave Phillip of Hesse and Elector John Frederick of Saxony) who led them. This Interim sacrificed the doctrine of justification, recognised seven sacraments and transubstantiation, and interpreted the mass as a thank offering. Luther was unaffected since he had died two years earlier in 1546, while Melanchthon submitted to the Leipzig Interim (below) after opposing the Augsburg Interim for a short time. It was negated in 1552 with the Peace of Passau, which gave adherents of the Augsburg Confession inferior but legal status within the Holy Roman Empire. See Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Augsburg Interim," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by Oliver K. Olson; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 144-182
online resource link wanted The Leipzig Interim (1548-1549) - Roman Catholic and Evangelical (Lutheran). In exchange for giving support to Emperor Charles V and his Roman Catholic brother King Ferdinand against the Evangelical (Lutheran) forces of the Smalcald League, Duke Moritz of Saxony was promised that he would not have to abandon his Evangelical beliefs. However, after their victory (see above), the Augsburg Interim was insisted even upon his lands. The Leipzig Interim is a compromise between the Augsburg Interim and the Lutheran confession of faith which Moritz had his secular counselors and theological staff draft in an attempt to avoid imperial invasion while keeping the pulpits safe for Evangelical (Lutheran) preachers. This Interim compromised the doctrine of justification by faith, reintroduced Roman Catholic ceremonies at Baptism, Corpus Christi, and included other rules favouring Roman Catholicism. Luther was unaffected since he had died two years earlier in 1546, while Melanchthon submitted to the Leipzig Interim after opposing the Augsburg Interim (above) for a short time. It was negated in 1552 with the Peace of Passau, which gave adherents of the Augsburg Confession inferior but legal status within the Holy Roman Empire. See Robert Kolb and James A. Nestingen, eds., "The Leipzig Interim," Sources and Contexts of The Book of Concord (translated by Oliver K. Olson; Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Press, 2001), 183-196
The Scottish Confession of Faith (1560) - Reformed (an early form). "A supplication was laid before the Parliament by the Protestant nobility, decrying the corruptions of Roman Catholicism, and seeking the abolition of Popery. . . . In response, the Parliament directed the Protestant noblemen and ministers to draw up 'in plain and several heads, the sum of that doctrine which they would maintain, and would desire that present Parliament to establish as wholesome, true, and only necessary to be believed and received within that realm.' Over the next four days, the Scottish Confession was drafted by six ministers: John Winram, John Spottiswoode, John Willock, John Douglas, John Row, and John Knox"

The Belgic Confession (1561, revised 1619) - Reformed

online resource link wanted Examination of the Council of Trent (1565-1573) - ©1565-1573 Martin Chemnitz. Evangelical (Lutheran). "Chemnitz analyzed the canons and decrees of the Council of Trent in four books and showed by exhaustive evidence from Scripture and from both the most ancient and the purer among the more modern teachers of the church where the Council of Trent had departed from the teaching of Scripture. In the first of these volumes, in the section on Scripture and Tradition, he worked out the so- called formal principle of the Reformation, that the Scripture, and not tradition or a combination of the Scripture and tradition, is the source and norm of doctrine in the Christian church.
"[The] first volume, which appeared in 1565, covers the chief articles of the Christian faith. In the remaining three volumes he treats with equal clarity the sacraments and the abuses in the Roman Catholic Church, which the Council of Trent had sought to defend.
"The Examen became famous at once. It was translated into German by Georg Nigrinus, into French by M. Vassorius, and by 1582 the section concerning traditions had been translated and published in English. The Examen is widely acknowledged not only as a masterful polemic against the canons and decrees of the Council of Trent but also as a thorough exposition of the faith and teaching of the adherents of the Augsburg Confession. It has earned not only the highest praise of Lutherans but also the respect of noted Roman Catholics." Martin Chemnitz, "Biographical Sketch of Martin Chemnitz," Examination of the Council of Trent (4 vols.; translated by Fred Kraemer; St. Loius, MO: Concordia Publishing House, 1971), 1:21-22

The Second Helvic Confession (1566) - ©1566 Heinrich Bullinger. Zwingi & Reformed (Reformed Zwinglian)

Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion (1571) - Church of England (Anglican)

online resource link wanted Correspondence between the Tübingen Theologians and Patriarch Jeremiah II of Constantinople on the Augsburg Confession (1573-1581) - Evangelical (Lutheran) and Eastern Church (Greek Orthodox). An excellent resource and translation of this correspondence can be found in George Mastrantonis, Augsburg and Constantinople (Brookline, Mass.: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 1982)

Formula of Concord: Epitome (1576) - ©1576 Jakob Andreä. Evangelical (Lutheran). A summary of the Solid Declaration (below). See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 473-531

Formula of Concord: Solid Declaration (1577) - ©1577 Martin Chemnitz, Jakob Andreä, Nikolaus Selnecker, Andreas Musculus, Christophorus Cornerus, and David Chytraeus. Evangelical (Lutheran). Primarily written to bring unity in Evangelicalism (Lutheranism) while both addressing and opposing deceitful, erroneous, and heretical doctrines of Philippists and Crypto- Calvinism. So called "Evangelicals" who favoured the synergistic tendencies of Philip Melanchthon and his later compromising statements on the Lord's Supper were called 'Philippists,' or sometimes they were called 'Interimists' because they, like Melanchthon, agreed to the Leipzig Interim and erroneously asserted that it only agreed with Roman Catholicism in matters of adiaphora (Gk: "indifferent things"; i.e., Church rites neither commanded nor forbidden by God, which cease being 'indifferent' when they compromise the faith by their use or disuse). Crypto- Calvinists were Philipists who attempted to suppress and replace Evangelical (Lutheran) beliefs with Calvinist beliefs while professing loyalties to Evangelicalism (Lutheranism). See Paul Timothy McCain, Robert Cleveland Baker, Gene Edward Veith and Edward Andrew Engelbrecht, eds., Concordia: The Lutheran Confessions -- A Reader's Edition of the Book of Concord (revised, updated and annotated; based on translation by William Herman Theodore Dau and Gerhard Friedrich Bente; St Louis, Mo.: Concordia Publishing House, 2005), 534-648

Treaty of Brest (1595) - Roman Catholic. A treaty requiring numerous guarentees prior to the unity of the Church in Kiev with the Roman Catholic Church. Available on the Eternal Word Television Network (ETWN)

A Short Confession of Faith (1609) - ©1609 John Smyth. Arminian (English Baptist)

Five Articles of the Remonstrants (1610) - Arminian (Remonstrant)

Helwy's Confession (1611) - ©1611 Thomas Helwy. Arminian (English Baptist)

The Canons of Dordt (1618-1619) - Reformed

updated: 2006-10-28 The Confession of Cyril Lucaris (1629) - Reformed forgery or Eastern Church. This confession originated in Geneva and is believed to have been either written by Cyril Lucaris (who some believe was heavily influenced by 16th century Calvinism and tried to reform Orthodoxy to that end), or a forgery designed by Calvinists to lead Orthodoxy into Calvinistism. In 1672 the Eastern Church called a Synod in Jerusalem to address and refute this confession

The Dordrecht Confession (1632) - Anabaptist (Mennonite)

The Westminster Confession of Faith with Scripture Proofs (1646) - Reformed

The Faith and Practice of Thirty Congregations Gathered According to the Primitive Pattern (1651) - Arminian (English Baptist)

True Gospel Faith (1654) - Arminian (English Baptist)

Midland Confession of Faith (1655) - Anabaptist (Baptist)

The Standard Confession (1660) - Arminian (English General Baptist Association)

updated: 2006-10-28 The Confession of Dositheus (1672) - Eastern Church. Only Chapter VI is available online in English. This document is also known as The Acts and Decrees of the Synod of Jerusalem. "The Orthodox authorities gathered for the Synod of Jerusalem alleged the 1629 Confession to have been a forgery by Calvinists. . . . Chapter VI. sets forth the Orthodox faith in eighteen decrees and four questions . . . corresponding precisely to the chapters and questions in the 1629 Confession." Also available here from CRI / The Voice

The Baptist Confession of Faith (1689) - ©1689 Charles H. Spurgeon. Reformed (Baptist); Puritan

new link: 2006-10-28 Second London Confession of Faith (1689) - Reformed (Baptist)

A Short Confession or a Brief Narrative of Faith (1691) - Arminian (English Baptist). "Its significance lies in the departure shown in it by one Particular Baptist group from the heightening Calvinism of the late seventeenth century, and in its attempt to speak for both Particular and General Baptists"

The Philadelphia Confession of Faith (1742) - Reformed (Baptist). This confession "is identical to the Second London Confession of Faith (1689), except that chapters 23 and 31 have been added (with other chapters appropriately renumbered)"

Charter- Lane Declaration (1757) - ©1757 John Gill. Anabaptist (Baptist)

Articles of Religion of the New Connexion (1770) - Arminian (English Baptist). "To revive experimental religion or primitive Christianity in faith and practice"

The Thirty- Nine Articles of Religion (1801) - Church of England (Protestant Episcopal Church)

The (Twenty- Five) Articles of Religion (1808) - ©1808 John Wesley. Arminian (Methodist)

Confession of Faith (1823) - Reformed & Arminian (Methodists, Presbyterians of Wales)

Articles of Faith (1824) - Arminian (Liberty Association)

The New Hampshire Confession (1833) - ©1833 John Newton Brown. Anabaptist (Baptist)

The Abstract of Principles (1858) - Anabaptist (Southern Baptist)

Documents of Vatican I (1869-1870) - Roman Catholic. "Besides important canons relating to the Faith and the constitution of the Church, the council decreed the infallibility of the pope when speaking ex cathedra, i.e. when as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church" (The 21 Ecumenical Councils, available on New Advent)

Articles of Faith (1870) - Arminian (General Baptist Association)

The Thirty- Five Articles of Religion (1875) - Reformed (Episcopal)

The Chicago- Lambeth Quadrilateral (1886-1888) - Church of England (Protestant Episcopal Church)

Agreement on Faith (1888) - Arminian (Baptist Union)

A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position (1932) - Confessional Lutheran (Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LC-MS)). See also another site

A Treatise of Faith and Practices (1935, revised 2001) - Arminian (National Association of Free Will Baptists). Only available in PDF

Articles of Faith (1949) - Arminian (General Baptist Association)

Documents of Vatican II (1963-1965) - Roman Catholic. This council is viewed as canonical by the Roman Catholic Church, but condemned as heretical by the Society of Pope Pius X and the (Traditional) Catholic Church. See the Roman Catholic section (right column) for more information. Available from the Holy See

Baptist Faith & Message (1963) - Anabaptist (Southern Baptist)

Statement of Faith and Purpose (1969) - Confessional Lutheran (Church of the Lutheran Confession (CLC1)). Available on Church of the Lutheran Confession

Statements of Faith (1970) - Arminian (General Baptist Association)

The Nottingham Statement (1972) - Church of England (Anglican)

A Statement of Scriptural and Confessional Principles (1973) - Confessional Lutheran (Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LC-MS)). Only available in PDF

The Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy (1978) - "This was the statement that launched the International Council on Biblical Inerrancy, an interdenominational joint effort by hundreds of evangelical scholars and leaders to defend biblical inerrancy against the trend toward liberal and neo- orthodox conceptions of Scripture. The Statement was produced at the Hyatt Regency O'Hare in Chicago in the fall of 1978, during an international summit conference of concerned evangelical leaders. It was signed by nearly 300 noted evangelical scholars, including Boice, Norman L. Geisler, John Gerstner, Carl F. H. Henry, Kenneth Kantzer, Harold Lindsell, John Warwick Montgomery, Roger Nicole, J.I. Packer, Robert Preus, Earl Radmacher, Francis Schaeffer, R.C. Sproul, and John Wenham"

Affirmation of St. Louis (1977) - Church of England (Anglican)

Confession of Faith (1995) - Anabaptist (Mennonite Brethren)

Confession of Faith in a Mennonite Perspective (1995) - Anabaptist (Mennonite)

This We Believe (1999) - Confessional Lutheran (Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)). Only available in PDF

The Baptist Faith and Message (2000) - Anabaptist (Southern Baptist). Also available in PDF

Our Doctrinal Standards and General Rules (2004) - United Methodist
Undated Miscellaneous
if you know the date, please e-mail psyphus@hotmail.com

Our Doctrinal Standards and General Rules (undated) - Methodist (United Methodist Church)

Fundamental Beliefs (undated) - Adventist (Seventh-Day). This site also contains numerous doctrinal statements and resources

13 Article Association (undated) - Arminian (American General Baptist Association)

Statement of Belief (undated) - Anabaptist (Seventh Day Baptist)

We Believe, Teach, and Confess (undated) - Confessional Lutheran (Evangelical Lutheran Synod (ELS))
Collections

The Book of Concord (1580) - Evangelical (Lutheran). Triglotta Edition (English section). Also available in PDF. Contains the Apostles' Creed (2nd century), Nicene Creed (325 / 381), Athanasian Creed (6th-8th century), Small Catechism (1529), Large Catechism (1529), Augsburg Confession (1530), Apology (1531), Smalcald Articles (1536), Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope (1537), and the Formula of Concord: Solid Declaration and Epitome (1577). Historical Introductions ©1921 F. Bente are also available, in PDF

Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes, vols. 1 & 2 (1877) - edited by Philip Schaff. Reformed. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

online resource link wanted Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition (2003) - edited by Jaroslav Pelikan & Valerie Hotchkiss. "This remarkable four- volume set assembles the principal creeds and confessions of the Christian Church, from biblical times to the present and from all over the globe, and places them in their historical and theological context. . . . The set includes over 225 texts, with translations from many languages. Pelikan and Hotchkiss provide a brief introduction to each creed and confession, as well as commentary and notes identifying its biblical and other sources. A massive and unique comparative index serves as a comprehensive guide, doctrine by doctrine, to all the creeds and confessions." Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss, eds., Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition (4 vols; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2003). Available from Yale University Press

Creeds of Christendom - numerous links to creeds of various denominations
Catechisms

The Catechetical Instructions of St. Thomas Aquinas (1273) - ©1273 Thomas Aquinas. Roman Catholic (cf. Catechism of Summa Theologica, translated by R. P. Thomas Pègues)

Luther's Small Catechism (1529) - ©1529 Martin Luther. Evangelical (Lutheran). An Explanation of The Small Catechism (LC-MS, ©1991 CPH) is also available (only in PDF)

Luther's Large Catechism (1529) - ©1529 Martin Luther. Evangelical (Lutheran)

Catechism Of The Church Of Geneva (1545) - ©1545 John Calvin. Reformed (Calvinism)

A Catechism (1549) - Church of England. Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (first edition)

A Catechism (1552) - Church of England. Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (second edition)

A Catechism (1559) - Church of England. Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (third edition). Also available in PDF

The Heidelberg Catechism (1563) - Reformed

Catechism of the Council of Trent (1566) - Roman Catholic

A Catechism (1637) - Church of England (Anglican, Church of Scotland). Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (Scotland edition)

Orthodox Confession of the Faith of the Catholic and Apostolic Eastern Church (1640) - ©1640 Peter Mogila. Eastern Church

dead link online resource link wanted Anabaptist Catechism (1645) - Anabaptist. Currently looking for a new link since the previous one is now unavailable

Two Short Catechisms (1645) - ©1645 John Owen. Reformed (Presbyterian)

The Westminster Shorter Catechism (1647) - Reformed

The Westminster Larger Catechism (1648) - Reformed

A Catechism for Babes, or Little Ones (1652) - ©1652 H. Jessey. Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Short Catechism about Baptism (1659) - ©1659 John Tombes. Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Catechism (1662) - Church of England. Taken from the Book of Common Prayer

A Catechism and Confession of Faith (1673) - ©1673 Robert Barclay. Quaker (founded by George Foxe)

Bunyan's Catechism: Instruction for the Ignorant (1675) - ©1675 John Bunyan. Anabaptist (Baptist)

Keach's Catechism (1677) - ©1677 Benjamin Keach. Anabaptist (Baptist)

The Orthodox Catechism (1680) - ©1680 Hercules Collins. Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Catechism (1689) - Church of England. Taken from the proposed Book of Common Prayer

A Catechism or Instructions for Children and Youth (1610) - ©1610 Dan Tylor. Anabaptist (Baptist). Eighth edition

The Philadelphia Baptist Catechism (1742) - Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Baptist Catechism (1742, adaptions undated) - adapted by John Piper. Arminian (Baptist General Conference). "A slightly revised version of The Baptist Catechism first put forth by Baptists in 1689 in Great Britain. It was adopted by the Philadelphia Baptist Association in 1742. It is patterned on the well- known reformed Westminster Catechism"

Fisher's Catechism (1765, updated 1998) - ©1765 James Fisher. Reformed. Also available in PDF (updated ©2001)

A Catechism for Girls and Boys (1798) - ©1798 Richard Cecil. Anabaptist (Baptist)

Gadsby's Catechism (1800s) - © William Gadsby. Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Catechism or Instructions for Children and Youth (1810) - ©1810 Dan Tylor. Arminian (New Connection of General Baptists)

The Baptist Catechism (1813) - ©1813 The Charleston Association. Anabaptist (Baptist)

The Longer Catechism of the Orthodox, Catholic, Eastern Church (1845) - Eastern Church (Russian Orthodox). See also parts 1, 2, 3, and conclusion

A Doctrinal Catechism (1846) - ©1846 Stephen Keenan. Roman Catholic

The Baptist Scriptural Catechism (1850) - ©1850 Henry Clay Fish. Reformed (Baptist)

A Puritan Catechism (1855) - ©1855 C. H. Spurgeon. Reformed (Baptist); Puritan

National Baptist Catechism (1855) - ©1855 The National Baptist Convention. Anabaptist (Baptist)

A Catechism for Little Children (1864) - ©1864 The Baptist State Convention of the North Carolina Sunday School and Publication Board. Anabaptist (Baptist)

Compend of Christian Doctrines Held by Baptists: In Catechisms (1866) - ©1866 W. W. Everts. Anabaptist (Baptist)

Boyce's Catechism (1880s) - © James Pedigru Boyce. Anabaptist (Southern Baptist). Author is the founder of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

The Chicago- Lambeth Quadrilateral (1886, 1888) - Church of England (Anglican: Episcopal Church)

A Brief Catechism of Bible Doctrine (1888) - ©1888 James Pedigru Boyce. Anabaptist (Southern Baptist). Author is the founder of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary

The Baltimore Complete Catechism (1891) - Roman Catholic. Also available on another site. See also the revised edition (1941)

A Catechism of Bible Teaching (1892) - © John Broadus. Anabaptist (American Baptist Historical Society)

The Catechism of St. Pius X (1910) - Roman Catholic

A Catechism (1926) - Church of England (Anglican: Church of Ireland). Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (Church of Ireland edition)

A Catechism (1929) - Church of England (Anglican: Scottish Episcopal). Taken from the Scottish Book of Common Prayer

Catechism of the Unity of the Brethren (1963, 1979) - Hussite (Unity of the Brethren). Available on Unity of the Brethren

The Catechism of the Episcopal Church (1972) - Church of England (Anglican: Episcopal Church)

The Catechism (1979) - Church of England (Anglican: U.S. Episcopal Church). Taken from the Book of Common Prayer (U.S. Episcopal Church edition)

Catechism of the Greek Orthodox Faith (1989, 1991) - Eastern Church (Orthodox)

Catechism of the Catholic Church (1992) - Roman Catholic. Available on the Holy See (i.e., the Vatican). See also The New Catechism . . . is it Catholic? by Rev. Father Michel Simoulin (Traditional Catholic. Available on Society of Saint Pius X)

Three Catechisms (1998) - Church of England (General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church)
Miscellaneous
problematic, heretical and non-Christian

A Gnostic Catechism (1998) - Stephan A. Hoeller

Catechism for Jewish Children - Judaism
 
Confessional Lutheranism
"Confessional Lutheranism" includes individuals and those branches of Lutheranism who believe and confess that "the Word of God alone should be and remain the only standard and rule of doctrine, to which the writings of no man should be regarded as equal, but to which everything should be subjected" (FC SD §Rule & Norm, 9), and that the Book of Concord (1580) and its contents are a useful and clear exposition of the Word of God so that, "as we lay down God's Word, the eternal truth, as the foundation, so we introduce and quote also these writings as a witness of the truth and as the unanimously received correct understanding of our predecessors who have steadfastly held to the pure doctrine" (FC SD §Rule & Norm, 13).
This includes (but is not limited to) the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod (LC-MS), Lutheran Church - Canada (LCC), Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS), Evangelical Lutheran Synod (ELS), Church of the Lutheran Confession (CLC1), Concordia Lutheran Conference (CLC2) and numerous Lutheran Brethren congregations.
Quasi- Confessional Lutheran denominations like the Evangelical Lutheran Church of America (ELCA), Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada (ELCIC), et al. have not been included in the sections below unless they are in co-operation with LC-MS, LCC, et al.
Apologetics

Issues, Etc. - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Features numerous topics on both recent and historical events; guest speakers are either apologists or representatives from various conservative denominations. "Defending the faith . . . teaching the truth." Available in MP3 and WMA formats on KFUO radio, which offers a 6+ month audio archive. A text archive of older material is also available on another site
Select Bible Studies

Who is Jesus? - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS)

Tell the Good News About Jesus - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Articles, resources, and Bible study

The Bible Study - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available in MP3 and WMA formats on KFUO radio, and features an audio archive

Sunday Church Services - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Includes worship services and Bible studies. Available in MP3 and WMA formats on KFUO radio, and features an audio archive

Law & Gospel - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available in MP3 and WMA formats on KFUO radio, and features an audio archive

Living the Good News in Luke - © Adrian Leske. Confessional Lutheran (LCC). Available from Lutheran Church - Canada

God's Mission Promises - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "A free weekly e-column written by Dr. Philip Bickel for LCMS World Mission" featuring a Bible Study with devotions. An Old Testament and New Testament archive are also available
Daily & Weekly Devotions

Portals of Prayer - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Concordia Publishing House (CPH). Also available in WMA audio (90 seconds) on KFUO radio

My Devotions - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Designed for ages 8-12. Available from Concordia Publishing House (CPH)

Meyer Minute - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Also available in WMA audio (90 seconds) from KFUO radio

By The Way - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Only available in WMA audio (60 seconds) from KFUO radio

Front Porch Parenting - © Mary Manz Simon. Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available in WMA audio (60 seconds) from KFUO radio

The Lutheran Hour - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "The Lutheran Hour® which began in 1930, is the world's oldest continually- broadcast Gospel radio program. This weekly half- hour program, now heard on more than 800 radio stations, proclaims the message of Jesus Christ to a world- wide audience." A text archive and MP3 audio archive are also available. Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries (LHM)

Daily Devotions - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). A text archive is also available. Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries (LHM)

Edit-O-Earl - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Devotion on lectionary (weekly). Available from LC-MS World Missions

God's Mission Promises - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Devotional with Bible Study (weekly). An Old Testament and New Testament text archive are also available. Available from LC-MS World Missions

Moments of Assurance - Rev. Mark Hawkinson. Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Weekly. Only available in WMA; an audio archive is available. Available from KFUO radio

Pray for Us - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Monthly. Available from LC-MS World Missions
Doctrines & Theology, Historical Writings

Martin Luther and the 16th Century Reformation - Confessional Lutheran. Available from Our Redeemer Lutheran Church, Lexington KY

Elements of Popular Theology (1834) - ©1834 Samuel Schmucker. Confessional Lutheran (General Synod of the Lutheran Church). Available on Project Wittenberg

Compendium of Positive Theology (1877) - ©1877 John William Baier, edited by C. F. Walther. Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available on Project Wittenberg

The Doctrinal Theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church (1875 / 1899) - ©1875, 1889 Charles A. Hay and Henry E. Jacobs (original German and Latin edition by Heinrich Schmid; third edition, revised; translated by Charles A. Hay and Henry E. Jacobs). Confessional Lutheran. Available on Project Wittenberg

Christian Theology (1906) - ©1906 Milton Valentine. Confessional Lutheran. Available on Project Wittenberg

Lutheran Electronic Archive - Confessional Lutheran. A useful resource with numerous historical Lutheran writings. Available on Project Wittenberg

Lutheran Theology Web Site - Confessional Lutheran. A useful and informative collection of theological writings

Topical Articles and Catechisis - Confessional Lutheran. Also features links to numerous useful and informative external resources. Available on Reformation Today

Commission on Theology and Church Relations - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod

Walther Library: Electronic Reserves - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Concordia Theological Seminary

Reclaiming Walther - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "To motivate laity and clergy alike to study Walther, realize how far the modernists have steered us off course, and correct the trend"

Online Library: Essays - Confessional Lutheran (WELS). Available from Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary

Online Library: Documents - Confessional Lutheran (CLC1). Available on the Church of the Lutheran Confession

The Doctrinal Position of the Concordia Lutheran Conference - Confessional Lutheran (CLC2). Available from Concordia Lutheran Conference
Lectionary & Liturgical Music

Lectionary at Lunch - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "An interactive resource allowing online discussion concerning the lessons assigned each week. Share comments / questions / ideas regarding each week's lessons with others. Share possible thematic approaches, illustrations, outlines, or other ideas you have regarding one or both of the texts." Available in MP3, WMA, and RA formats

Pericope - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS)

Edit-O-Earl - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Devotion on lectionary (weekly). Available from LC-MS World Missions
Magazines & Journals

Higher Things: Dare to be Lutheran - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "It's a magazine for youth, but it's not dumbed down theology. It's a magazine for today, and yet it is connected to the Church of All Ages. It's a magazine for Lutherans, but the teachings are for all who hold to the faith of Jesus Christ as contained in the Holy Scriptures." Only available in PDF

thESource - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). A "free Web-based magazine provides congregational youth ministry programs with access to effective youth ministry tools and resources"

The Canadian Lutheran Online - Confessional Lutheran (LCC). "The award- winning magazine of Lutheran Church - Canada." Available only in PDF. An archive of the previous four editions is also available

The Lutheran Witness - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "A magazine for the laypeople of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod." Available only in PDF. Also features an archive of previous editions from 2002 to present

Logia: A Journal of Lutheran Theology - Confessional Lutheran. A journal that "publishes articles on exegetical, historical, systematic, and liturgical theology that promote the orthodox theology of the Evangelical Lutheran Church." Some material is available to be viewed or downloaded for free, but most issues are only available for purchase

Semper Reformanda: A Journal for Lutheran Reformation - Confessional Lutheran. "a modern forum where theses can be posted for discussion in order that the reformation of the Church may ever continue"

Harvest News - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). A missions newsletter

Focus, Tower, Graduate Studies Bulletin, and Bioethics & Faith - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Concordia Seminary, St. Louis

For the Life of the World - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "The official magazine of Concordia Theological Seminary"; previous issues also available

Walther Library: Journal Links - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Concordia Theological Seminary

Studium Excitare - Confessional Lutheran (WELS). "Studium Excitare is a quarterly journal dedicated to the doctrine and history of Orthodox Confessional Lutheransim, focusing on the teaching of today's Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod"
Select Outreach Ministries

The Lutheran Hour - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "The Lutheran Hour® which began in 1930, is the world's oldest continually- broadcast Gospel radio program. This weekly half- hour program, now heard on more than 800 radio stations, proclaims the message of Jesus Christ to a world- wide audience." Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries

Woman to Woman - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "Phyllis Wallace, host of the syndicated radio program, 'Woman to Woman' shares helpful advice and practical tips to enable women to meet the challenging demands of everyday life." Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries

Living for Tomorrow - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "Today, people are most likely to seek spiritual answers during stressful times and family crisis. Living for Tomorrow® is about helping the spiritually lost in your community connect with your church family." Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries

The Puzzle Club - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries

Global Care Packages - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "featuring By Kids ... For Kids®, The Mothers Touch, and Teacher to Teacher® programs that provide care packages to children, mothers, and teachers. These packages bring joy and hope in desperate situations around the world. The packages not only provide much- needed supplies, but also share the Good News of God's love" Available from Lutheran Hour Ministries

Lutheran Laymen's League - Confessional Lutheran (LCC). "We believe that Life is a gift, a precious gift of God, one that is to be used to glorify Him and to serve others"

Lutheran Association of Missionaries and Pilots (LAMP) - Confessional Lutheran (LCC). This is "a cross- cultural ministry sharing Jesus Christ with God's people in remote areas of Canada, Alaska and the Olympic Peninsula in the state of Washington." See also the Lutheran Association of Missionaries and Pilots in the United States

LCMS World Missions - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS)

Lutheran Women's Missionary League - Confessional Lutheran (LCC). "an organization of women . . . studying the Gospel of Jesus Christ, supporting and encouraging all women of the Church, pastors, and workers in the mission field, sharing the Gospel in culturally relevant and age- appropriate ways, building up all members of the Church so they daily live their faith and confidently share the Good News of Jesus in word and deed with all people in their communities and world." See also Lutheran Women's Missionary League of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod

Lutherans for Life - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS). "Witnessing to the Sanctity of Human Life Based on the Word of God." See also Lutherans for Life in Canada (LCC)

Lutheran Bible Translators - Confessional Lutheran and Quasi- Confessional Lutheran
Sermons

Martin Luther's Sermons - © Martin Luther. Confessional Lutheran. Available from Our Redeemer Lutheran Church, Lexington KY

Confessional Lutherans: Sermons and Papers - Confessional Lutheran. "Exists to serve and connect those who desire to remain faithful to the Word of God and the Lutheran Confessions as they have been delivered to us"
FAQs and Responses

Frequestly Asked Questions - Confessional Lutheran (LC-MS)

Questions & Answers - Confessional Lutheran (WELS)
Eastern Church
"Eastern Church" includes (but is not necessarily limited to) the Greek, Russian and Ukrainian Orthodox churches (et al.) which have unity in their doctrines, traditions, and (to my knowledge) their reliance on both the Greek Septuagint (LXX) and Byzantine / Majority Texts (or translations of these texts) as their Holy Scriptures. The Eastern Church also benefit from a 'pope', although (like Protestants) they reject many doctrines introduced by Roman Catholicism with regards to the papacy, especially the infallibility issue.
Historically, a 'Great Schism' developed between the Eastern and Western churches about 1247 C.E., when the filioque clause (which appeared in the Niceno- Constantinople Creed about the time of Charlemagne and since then spread throughout the Western Church) was officially recognised during the Second Council of Lyons (1247). Another distinction between the Eastern Church and Roman Catholicism includes the Eastern Church's discretion in describing the mystery of the Lord's Supper. In short, they believe and teach that the bread is 'converted' into the body of Christ while the wine is 'converted' into the blood of Christ, but they distance themselves from using problematic terms like 'transubstantiation'. The relationship between the body of believers and God is also viewed somewhat differently, in the sense that the believer is viewed as being caught up into a deeply intimate yet intricately rhythmic dance with the Divine (Triune God)--- a fascinating concept to consider when examined and understood from Eastern Church resources.
Apologetics

Apologetics - Orthodox (Greek). Links to numerous articles on orthodox apologetics. Available on the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Theology - Orthodox (Greek). Links to numerous articles on orthodox theology. Available on the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America

The Orthodox Faith - Orthodox. This series "is intended to provide basic, comprehensive information on the faith and the life of the Orthodox Church for the average reader." Available on the Orthodox Church in America

Encyclicals of the Holy Synod of Bishops - Orthodox. "Encyclicals of the Holy Synod of Bishops on preaching, confession and communion, marriage, christian unity and ecumenism, and spiritual life." Available from the Orthodox Church in America

Common Prayers for Orthodox Christians - Orthodox. "This section of the website includes a selection of common prayers for Orthodox Christians. The prayers are also available in the downloadable .PDF format where links are provided." Available from the Orthodox Church in America

Feasts & Saints - Orthodox. "Information on the lives of many saints commemorated during the Liturgical year with icons pertaining to that saint or feastday." Available from the Orthodox Church in America

Fasting & Fast- Free Seasons of the Church - Orthodox. A short article on fasting. Available from the Orthodox Church in America
Lectionary & Liturgical Music

Liturgical Music Downloads - Orthodox. Numerous links to liturgical music, available in PDF format. Available from the Orthodox Church in America
Magazines & Journals

Orthodox Observer - Orthodox (Greek). This magazine "presents to readers current news and events from the Archdiocese, as well as from the Dioceses, parishes, ministries, and organizations. Standard sections focus on the ministry of the Ecumenical Patriarch and other Orthodox jurisdictions in America and around the world. Feature articles and columns provide spiritual guidance and theological insights. As the official organ of the Archdiocese, the Observer publishes encyclicals, statements, and policies as they are issued." Available on the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
FAQs and Responses

Questions & Answers About Orthodoxy - Orthodox (Greek). Subjects include teachings of orthodoxy, orthodoxy and liturgical arts, history of Christianity, Scripture, Orthodox Church in North America, Orthodoxy in North America and society, contemporary moral issues, parish life, etc. Available on the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
Roman Catholicism
"Roman Catholicism" in pre-Reformation times was also commonly known as the Western Church, but now that term may apply to several Protestant denominations (e.g., Lutheran, Church of England, Calvinist, et al.) who fully accept the ancient creeds of the Church (Apostles', Nicene / Niceno- Constantinopolitan and Athanasian creeds) and embrace both the traditions and teachings of the early Church Fathers--- whether with discernment (by not regarding them equal to Holy Scriptures but by critiquing them under the authority of Holy Scriptures) or without.
Roman Catholicism is both united under its Pope and fragmented by its doctrine, but they are usually bundled together and viewed by the Vatican as one Roman Catholic Church. Despite this mingling, only links to 'conservative' resources will be offered i this section.
There are currently two main conservative movements in Roman Catholicism, each viewing the other as a schism (thus their resources will be divided into two sub- sections, below). The more popular (contemporary) of these two is the Roman Catholic Church, which acknowledges Vatican II as canonical, acknowledges all popes after Pope Pius XII--- i.e., Pope John XXIII, Pope Paul VI, Pope John Paul I, Pope John Paul II, and now Pope Benedict XVI--- as successors of St. Peter, and has its centre located in the Vatican, Rome.
The less popular (traditional) of these two include a number of Catholic church bodies that, to my understanding, reject and condemn Vatican II as heretical while condemning Roman Catholic popes after Pope Pius XII as anti- popes. These Catholic church bodies include the Society of Saint Pius X and numerous churches unaffiliated with that society and largely unaffiliated with each other. In opposition to Rome, a certain dissatisfied priest of one of these churches elected himself (by his own 'authority') as a cardinal, then (in 1998, again by his own 'authority') elected himself the new pope of Catholicism before taking the name "Pope Pius XIII" and claiming himself as the successor of both Pope Pius XII and St. Peter. In contrast, it should be noted that all other Catholic church bodies condemn this so- called 'pope' as an anti- pope.

Since Roman Catholicism was generally viewed by all the aforesaid Catholic church bodies as orthodox until the death of Pope Pius XII (9 October 1958), no distinction between 'Roman Catholic' and 'Catholic (Traditional)' resources will be made until after that date.
Roman Catholic
Apologetics

Newman Catholic Apologetics Resources - Roman Catholic. "To provide a handy resource for helping to explain orthodox Catholic Christian teachings, as well as providing links to many useful Catholic websites"

Biblical Evidence for Catholicism - © Dave Armstrong. Roman Catholic. Also contains writings from some other apologists
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Summa Theologica - © Thomas Aquinas. Roman Catholic. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

EWTN: Library - Roman Catholic. Available on Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
Magazines & Journals

Lay Witness Magazine - Roman Catholic. Available from Catholics United for the Faith
FAQs and Responses

Catholic Answers - Roman Catholic. "Our business . . . is to provide answers"

Catholic Scripture Study: Truth Tracts - Roman Catholic. "Answers to your important questions on the Faith." Available on the Catholic Exchange

Faith Facts - Roman Catholic. Available from Catholics United for the Faith
Catholic (Traditional)
Apologetics

Catholic Apologetics Information - Catholic (Traditional). " 'To restore all things to Christ' - Eph1:10"

Traditional Catholic Apologetics - Catholic (Traditional). "The Goal of this web-page is to assist Catholics in learning and defending their Faith against the enemies of Christ's One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church. Christ promised 'The gates of hell shall not prevail against' (Matt16:17) The Church which he built upon the 'Rock' Peter. But we can be sure the forces of Satan will try. We provide a large section of over THREE HUNDRED 'apologetics' articles, geared to answering a vast number of the more common Protestant objections to our Catholic faith"
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Summa Theologica - © Thomas Aquinas. Roman Catholic. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

TraditionalCatholic.net - Catholic (Traditional)
Church of England
"Church of England" broke away from Roman Catholicism around the time of the Reformation, when the King of England decided that he, not the Pope, was given authority over the Church in his lands.
The Church of England includes (but is not limited to) Anglicans, Puritans (a faction of Anglicanism which sought perfection of the church by way of its own continued purification) and Separatists (a.k.a. Independants and Congregationalists; a schism of Anglicanism that advocated congregationalism and believed that a congregation must be free of all ecclesiastical and political domination; many Separatists, who fled to Holland in the 1580s, became the Pilgrams who later came to America on the Mayflower in 1620).
Since Puritan doctrines are more Reformed (Calvinist) and Presbyterian, they will be featured in the Reformed (Calvinism) section (below). Also, since most Congregationalist Churches merged with some other denominations to form the United Church, they will be featured in the United Church section (below).
Doctrines & Theology, Historical Writings

The Alpha Course - Church of England (Charasmatic). See also their Canadian website
Reformed (Calvinism)
"Reformed" refers to those who adhere to the beliefs and doctrines of John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, Martin Bucer, Johann Heinrich Bullinger, and / or Johannes Oecolampadius. In 1618-1619, the Synod of Dort condemned the doctrines of Jacobus Arminius, thus dividing the Reformed church into Calvinist and Arminian Reformed churches. In modern times, the term 'Reformed' commonly refers to Calvinism but rarely refers to Arminianism. To maintain the distinction between these two sects, this section will provide links only to the Calvinist Reformed doctrines and beliefs. See below for links to Arminian doctrines and beliefs.
"Reformed" includes Calvinism, most Reformed and Presbyterian churches; its doctrines are also embraced by a schism of the Church of England known as Puritans and a sect of Anabaptists (Baptists) known as Reformed Baptists. The Reformation was introduced to Scotland by Calvinist presbyters (thus taking on the name "Presbyterian" Church) around the mid-16th century before spreading to England, Ireland, and beyond.
Calvinism
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Institutes of the Christian Religion (1599) - ©1599 John Calvin, translated by Henry Beveridge (Complete). Also available in PDF. Available on Christian Classics Ethereal Library

Institutes of the Christian Religion: An Abridgement (1599 / 1997) - ©1599 John Calvin, translated by Henry Beveridge. Abridgement ©1997 Timothy Tow. Available only in PDF
Presbyterian

to be announced
Reformed
Apologetics

Reformed Apologetics - Reformed. Available on Center for Reformed Theology and Apologetics
Outreach Ministries

Wycliffe Bible Translators - Reformed
Reformed Baptist
(includes Puritans)
Apologetics

The Spurgeon Archive - Reformed (Baptist); Puritan. "The largest collection of Spurgeon resources on the world wide web"

Alpha & Omega Ministries - Reformed (Baptist). "Our ambition . . . is to be pleasing to Him"
Arminianism
"Arminianism" refers primarily to those who adhere to the beliefs and doctrines of Jacobus Arminius. In 1618-1619, the Synod of Dort condemned the doctrines of Jacobus Arminius, thus dividing the Reformed church into Calvinist and Arminian Reformed churches. In modern times, the term 'Reformed' commonly refers to Calvinism but rarely refers to Arminianism.
Since the Synod of Dort, Arminianism has spread to influence the beliefs and doctrines of Baptists (General, Free Will, Separate, Pentecostal Free Will, Six- Principle), Wesleyan (Wesleyan, Church of the Nazarene, Church of God, Free Methodist Church, Apostolic Christian, Salvation Army), Pentecostalism (Assembly of God, Foursquare Gospel, Church of God, Pentecostal Holiness, Open Bible Standard), and Christian & Missionary Alliance denominations. Resources to any of these denominations will be included below.
Resources to unspecified Baptist, Pentecostal, and Wesleyan denominations will also be added to this section (unless someone sends me an email to inform me otherwise and to explain why, so I may learn from it and make the correction). To maintain the distinction between Calvinist and Arminian Reformed churches, this section will provide links only to the Arminian doctrines and beliefs. See above for links to Reformed (Calvinism) doctrines and beliefs.
Arminian
(specific or undetermined)
Apologetics

Leadership University - © Campus Crusade for Christ International. Arminian. "Telling the truth at the speed of life"

The Virtual Office of William Lane Craig: Articles Index - © William Craig. Arminian. Available on Leadership University
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

The Complete Works of James Arminius - "a Dutch theologian who studied, taught, and eventually broke with Calvinism. He was particularly at odds with John Calvin's emphasis on unconditional election and irresistible grace." Available on the Wesley Center Online

Arminian Theology - Arminian

The Two Babylons (1653) - ©1653 Alexander Hislop. Arminian
Baptists

to be announced
Wesleyan
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

John Wesley - Arminian. Numerous writings of John Wesley, including his translation of the New Testament into English, some letters, sermons, etc. Available on the Wesley Center Online

The Voice: Biblical and Theological Resources for Growing Christians - © CRI / Voice, Institute. Arminian (Wesleyan)
Magazines & Journals

The New Arminian Magazine - Arminian (Wesleyan). "A Publication of the Fundamental Wesleyan Society." Available on the Wesley Center Online
Pentecostalism
(excluding Oneness and Word Faith movements)

to be announced
Christian & Missionary Alliance

to be announced
Anabaptist
"Anabaptist" is a term originally used to describe radical reformers who denied original sin, refused to recognise infant baptism, forbade Christians from holding a government office, serving as princes, judges, and from punishing evildoers (as governing laws permit), engaging in just wars, being an innkeeper, merchant, cutler, etc. and from possessing private property (which believers were obliged to give to the community). They also denied that Jesus is true God (100%) and true man (100%, of the virgin Mary), they denied that congregations are truly Christian if sinners were still found in it (repentant or unrepentant), and among other things they denied that damnation is eternal.
Sects, schisms and heresies that have their roots in Anabaptist doctrines do not necessarily hold to all of these views, but in general they refuse to recognise the validity of infant baptism and often deny the affects of original sin. Mennonites, Amish, Baptists (listed in the Arminian section, above), and some pseudo- Christian religions like Jehovah's Witnesses (listed in the Other Side of the Fence section, on dialegomai's first page, right column) all trace their roots to the Anabaptists. (It's worth noting that the founder of Watchtower, Charles Taze Russell, came out of the Adventist movement).
Anabaptists
(specific or undetermined)
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Five Anabaptist Distinctives - Anabaptist. Includes Sola Scriptura, separation of Church and State, freedom of conscience, believers' baptism and holiness of life. Several links are also available

Anabaptist Church, Pacifism and disciples of Jesus Christ - Anabaptist. "The purpose of this web site to reveal the Lord Jesus Christ as seen by the members of the Anabaptist religion"

Anabaptist Network - Anabaptist. This site is "a loose-knit network of individuals and churches in Britain and Ireland interested in the insights of the Anabaptist tradition"

The Anabaptist Story - ©1994 Stanley A. Nelson. "While Dr. Nelson originally taught Systematic Theology in the classical manner, in 1989 he began a new approach that he calls 'embedded theology.' Rather than introducing the student to theological concepts as if they were philosophical ideas, Dr. Nelson helps the student 'feel' the development of each doctrine as it emerged from the historical conflict that is the heritage of Baptists and others of the believers' church [that is, 'house church'] persuasion"
Anabaptists
(Mennonite)
Doctrines, Theology & Historical Writings

Anabaptists - Anabaptist (Mennonite). "Dedicated to the presentation of the Christian faith and practice from an historic Anabaptist Mennonite perspective"
United Church
"United Church" includes the United Church in Canada (formed in 10 June 1925, merging almost all Congregationalist and Methodist churches together with many Presbyterian churches in Canada) and the United Church of Christ (formed in 25 June 1957, merging almost all Congregationalist churches with many Evangelical and Reformed churches in the United States).

to be announced
Dispensationalism
"Dispensationalism" is not a denomination, but a doctrine that is currently accepted by numerous denominations listed above with the exception of Confessional Lutheranism, Eastern Church, Roman Catholicism, and most sects of Calvinism and the Church of England. Dispensation Theology was developed by "French mystic and philosopher" Pierre Poiret (1646-1719), who "presented a seven- fold dispensational scheme." Another dispensational scheme was developed by John Edwards (1637-1716), who suggested that there were three primary dispensations, the third consisting of four secondary dispensations: The first secondary dispensation had three sub- dispensations while the the fourth had four sub- dispensations. Isaac Watts (1674-1748) is credited with being "more precise in defining dispensationalism," viewed "dispensations as conditional ages wherein God had certain expectations of men and made conditional promises and prohibitions to them," and concluded that there were six dispensations.
John Nelson Darby (1800-1882) was ordained in the Church of England but later left, moved to Plymouth, England, and joined a group that was by 1840 known as the Plymouth Brethren. Darby is often credited with being the founder of dispensationalism, advancing "the scheme of dispensationalism by noting that each dispensation places man under some condition; man has some responsibility before God" and "that each dispensation culminates in failure." Darby believed that there were seven dispensations (the fourth consisting of three secondary dispensations), and is also credited with translating the Scriptures into English (Darby Bible). Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (1843-1921) understood a dispensation to be "marked off in Scripture by some change in God's method of dealing with mankind, or a portion of mankind, in respect to the two questions: of sin, and of man's responsibility. Each of the dispensations may be regarded as a new test of the natural man, and each ends in judgment--- marking his utter failure in every dispensation." Scofield concluded that there are seven dispensations (which were then popularised in the commentary of his Scofield's Reference Bible), which influenced James M. Gray (1851-1935), the first president of Moody Bible Institute, and a popular conference speaker and Presbyterian pastor named James H. Brookes (1830-1897).
Other major proponents of dispensationalism include Charles Ryrie, Lewis Sperry Chafer, J. Dwight Pentecost, John F. Walvoord, and Charles L. Feinberg; "schools that are avowedly dispensational are: Dallas Theological Seminary, Grace Theological Seminary, Talbot Theological Seminary, Western Conservative Baptist Seminary, Multnomah School of the Bible, Moody Bible Institute, Philadelphia College of the Bible, and many others." Source: Paul P. Enns, The Moody Handbook of Theology (Chicago, Ill.: Moody Press, 1989), 514-517.
It has been suggested (cf. Enns, Moody Handbook, 513) that dispensationalism has its roots in Holy Scriptures and support from the writings of the early Church Fathers. However, upon examination, the "evidence" provided for the latter leans in support of Covenantal Theology rather than Dispensational Theology, and it's highly questionable (at best) whether God's Word actually supports many of the premises--- and ultimately the conclusions--- of Dispensational Theology.
See also "Dispensationalism" under Christian Apologetics (first page, right column).

What is Dispensationalism? - © Michael J. Vlach. An informative yet brief overview of the history, foundational features, and variations within Dispensationalism. Available on TheologicalStudies.org

Covenantal vs. Dispensational Theology - © 2005 Gary DeLashmutt and Dennis McCallum (Xenos Christian Fellowship). An informative yet brief overview of Convenantal and Dispensational theology

Dispensationalism and Covenant Theology - © anonymous. Reformed. This comparative chart lists 30 "major differences between these two systems of theology. They represent the mainstreams of both systems, though there are variations in each. Representative systematic theologies are those of L.S. Chafer and Charles Hodge," Chafer being dispensational and Hodge being Reformed

The Hermeneutics of Dispensationalism, excerpts 1 & 2 - ©1995 Charles Ryrie (Moody Press). Dispensational. A two-part excerpt taken from a section in Ryrie's book Dispensationalism. Available from Sola Gratia Ministries

Dispensational Hermeneutics - © Thomas D. Ice. Also available in PDF

Dispensational Theology - Dispensational. Numerous articles from a dispensational perspective

Progressive Dispensationalism: Some Observations - © The Biblicist. Dispensational. A comparative examination of Progressive Dispensationalism with regular Dispensationalism

Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth - © C. I. Scofield. United Church (Congregationalist); Dispensational

DISPENSATIONALISM, Pauline, Classic, Traditional, Neo-, Progressive, Post- Acts 2, etc. - © Miles J. Stanford. Dispensational. A "collection of resources for anyone interested in understanding what dispensationalism is and what it isn't." Articles include dispensational decline ("the key to Dispensationalism is the total distinction between Israel and the Church, and thereby, Law and Grace"), dispensationalism's missing link ("the primary purpose of this Paper is to consider three types of Dispensationalism, and the relationship of the Independent Fundamental Churches of America to them"), the dispensational gospels ("the differences between Jesus' earthly Gospel for Israel, and His heavenly Gospel for the Church"), the great trespass ("Darby, Scofield, Chafer, Walvoord, Ryrie, Pentecost, Hodges, Dyer, Showers, Saucy, Ironside, Grant, Kelly, Waltke, MacArthur, Feinberg"), and numerous other articles. Available on withChrist.org

Cyrus Ingerson Scofield (1843-1921) The Author of the Scofield Reference Bible - © 1998 by unknown author. Dispensational. An informative and well documented overview of C. I. Scofield's life, influences, beliefs, and doctrines

The Scofield Bible and Dispensationalism - © Westminster Standard Publication. Dispensational. An examination of the seven dispensations taught by C. I. Scofield

Dispensational International Research Network - Dispensational. "The Dispensational International Research Network (dirn) is dedicated to interpreting the Bible in a normal and literal way, using a historical / grammatical hermeneutic. Doing this, the reader of Scripture is able to see the Plan of the Bible as intended and revealed by the Holy Spirit. In studying the Word of God in this manner, the various dispensations become obvious, such as that between Israel of the Old Testament, the Church, and the future Kingdom. By letting the Bible so speak for itself, it becomes clear that the Scriptures prophesy an apostasy and rapture of the Church, a world- wide tribulation, and the literal one- thousand year reign of Christ in the Holy Land." A list of several documents on Dispensational Theology is also available

An Introduction to Dispensational Theology - © J. R. Lawendowski (Tribulation Forces). Available on Tribulation Forces Network

Dispensational Theology - © Scripture Knowledge Institute. Dispensational. This version of Dispensational theology is divided into eight sections: Dispensationalism, The Ages and Worlds, The Days and Times, The Dispensations, The Covenants, The 7 Baptisms, The 7 Resurrections, and The 7 Judgements. Available from Scripture Knowledge Institute
 

to be announced
 

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